Research

Videos

I have done a lot of informal research in my clinic with my limited resources. From that research I have developed many new treatments that have proven to work in the clinic. They are discussed in my books. I have decided to document my informal research into the resistance between two points here. The easiest way to do that is to video the altimeter over time. My previous work has shown me that the resistance is not constant. I plan on doing this with different channels and different setups (pad to pad, needle to needle and needle to pad. ) I will also look at the distance apart, and point to non-point.

Here are the References from my book:

1. “Acupuncture Anesthesia”, A Translation of a Chinese Publication of the Same Title, U.S. Directory Service, 1975, Miami, Florida. 
2. “Ryodoraku Acupuncture” by Yoshio Nakatani and Kumio Yamashita, Ryodoraku Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Copyright 1977.   
3. “Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Neural Stimulation in the Treatment of Pain” by Jack E. Jensen, Gil L. Ethridge and Gary Hazelrigg, Sports Medicine 3:  79-88 (1986)
4. “The Autonomic Effects of Acupuncture and Analgesic Drugs on the Cardiovascular System” by Do Chil Lee, Myung O. Lee, Donald H. Clifford, Lucien E. Morris (Medical College of Ohio), American Journal of Acupuncture, Vol. 10, No. 1, Jan – March 1982, pp 5-31.
5. “Acupuncture, Trigger Points and Musculoskeletal Pain” by P. E. Baldry, Churchill Livingstone Publishers, London, Copyright 1993.
6. “Advanced Electromedicine” by Darren Starwynn, OMD, Microcurrent Research
7. “Advances in Acupuncture and Acupuncture Anesthesia”, Abstracts of Papers Presented on the National Symposium of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupuncture Anesthesia, Beijing, 1979, The People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China.
8. “Biocircuits: Amazing New Tools for Energy Health” by Leslie and Terry Patten, H.J. Kramer, Inc., Tiburon, California, Copyright 1988.
9. “Clinical Electroacupuncture Guidelines” by D.E. Kendall, OMD, Pantheon Research, Copyright 1993.  10) “Electromagnetic Bio-Information” by Fritz-Albert Popp and others, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich, Germany, Copyright 1989.
10. “Electromagnetism & Life” by Robert Becker and Andrew Marino, State University of New York Press, Copyright 1982.
11. “Electromagnetism: The Perils of Electropollution, The Promise of Electro Medicine” by Robert Becker 13) “Biologically Closed Electric Circuits: Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for an Additional Circulatory System” by Bjorn E.W. Nordenstrom, Nordic Medical Publications, Copyright 1983.
12. “Energy Fields in Medicine: A Study of Device Technology Based on Acupuncture Meridians and Chi Energy”, Compiled by Michael Morton and Carrie Dlouhy, The John E. Fetzer Foundation, Copyright 1989. 15) “Excerpts of the Vademecum for Bio-Electronic Regulations Diagnostics and Therapy with VEGATESTSets”, by Ch. Glassmann and H.J. Rocholl, Translated and edited by W. Gnuechtel, M.D.
13. “Modern Techniques of Acupuncture, Volume 3” by Julian Kenyon, Thorsons Publishers Limited, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England, Copyright 1985.
14. “Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields: A New Approach to Surgical Problems” by C. Andrew Bassett, MD
15. “Quantum Biology:  Healing with Subtle Energy” by Glen Rein, Ph.D., Quantum Biology Research Labs, Copyright 1992
16. “Short Manual of the VEGATEST Method” by J. Fehrenbach, H. Noll, H.G. Nolte and H.W. Schimmel, VEGA Grieshaber GmbH & Co., Copyright 1986.
17. “The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life” by Robert Becker and Gary Seldon, Morrow, copyright 1987.
18. “The Ion Effect” by Fred Soyka with Alan Edmonds, Bantam Books, Copyright 1977, 1991.
19. “The Use of Microcurrents in Sports Acupuncture (Part 2)” by John Stebbins, OMD, NSAA Journal, Vol. 3/Issue 1, 1994
20. “The Use of Microcurrents in Sports Injury Acupuncture” by John Stebbins, OMD, NSAA Journal, Vol. 2/Issue 1, 1993.
21. “The WQ-10 Electro-Acupuncture Machine, How and when to use it”, by Jake Fratkin, Paradigm Publications, Brookline Massachusetts, Copyright 1984.
22. “Vibrational Medicine” by Richard Gerber, MD, Bear & Co., Santa Fe, New Mexico, Copy
23. “Chinese Scalp Acupuncture” by Jason Jishun Hao & Linda Lingzhi Hao, Blue Poppy Press, Boulder, CO, Copyright 2011“the Biology of Acupuncture” by George A. Ulett, M.D., Ph.D. and SongPing Han, B.M., Ph.D.©2002 by Warren H. Green, Inc.. Published by Warren H. Green, Inc., 8356 Olive Blvd., St Louis, Missouri 63132.
24. “Medical Acupuncture for Pain Management” by Yun-Tao Ma, Ph.D., Mila MaLic.AC., and Zang Chee Cho, Ph.D., © 205, Elsevler (USA). All rights reserved. Published by Elsevler, Churchill Livingstone, 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St Louis, Missouri  63146.
25. “The efficacy of frequency specific microcurrent therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness” by Denise Curtis, MSc, NMT a,* Stephen Fallows, PhD a Michael Morris, MSc a Carolyn McMakin, MA DC, from Journal of Bodywork E Movement Therapies (2010) xx, 1-8ELSESvTIEI.
26. “CASE REVIEW; MICROCURRENT TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN Microcurrent therapy: a novel treatment method for chronic low back myofascial L pain” by Carolyn R. McMakin, M.A., DC,* from Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (2004)8, 143-153, UVK4GS1ONE
27. “Laser Therapy a Clinical Manual” by Jennifer A. Blahnik and David W. Rindge, ©2003 Healing Light  Seminars, Inc. Printed by Healing Light Seminars, Inc.,1601 Airport Blvd., Suite 2, Melbourne, FL 32901.
28. “Effect of GaAlAs diode laser irradiation on healing of extraction sockets in streptozotin-induced diabetic rats a pilot study. By Park, J.J. and Kang, K.L., in Lasers Medb Sci. 2012 Jan:27(1):223-230. Doi:10.1007/s10103-011-0944-8. Dpub 2011 Jul 6.Resonance Effect” by Carolyn Mcmakin, © 2017 by  Carolyn Mcmakin. Published by North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA.
29. “Auriculotherapy Manual: Chinese and Western Systems of Ear Acupuncture” By Terry Oleson, Ph.D. © Terry Oleson, Ph.D. Published by: Heath Care Alternatives, 8033 Sunset Boulevard, #2657, Los Angeles, CA90046.
30. “Frequency Specific Microcurrent in Pain Management” by Carolyn R. McMakin, Published by Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, ©2011 Elsevier Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
31. “The Resonance Effect” by Carolyn McMakin, © 2017 by Carolyn McMakin, Published by North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA.
32. “A green, efficient and precise hydrogen therapy of cancer based on in vivo electrochemistry” by Guohua Qi, Bo Wang, Xiangfu Song, Haijuan Li and Yongdong Jin, National Science Review, 7:660-670, 2020, doi: 10. 1093/nsr/nwz 199,Publication 5 December 2019

There are many gaps in the research on acupuncture and FSM. For example, the work of Drs. Darras and Devernajoul. It has been over 30 years and still needs to be replicated and extended. As described below, we need to find out where the movement of extracellular fluid comes from and how the channels connect to their associated organ. But where will the money come from? The acupuncture community as a whole needs to get organized to support research. The schools have a role to play. And a way for individual acupuncturists to contribute has to be set up. As much as I am trying to make acupuncture a true science in people’s eyes, legitimate research will aid that effort. I can’t and shouldn’t have to do it all myself. Everyone in the acupuncture community has a role too play. Maybe you like the low-tech nature of TCM and don’t care about research. Maybe you like the mysterious nature that acupuncture holds in peoples eyes. But change is coming whether you like it or not. My first book is only the beginning of my efforts to push our field forward. I would like your help. This site is being seen all over the world. And I am still getting no arguments against my views. And as more acupuncturists try my treatments and see that they really work, the more my views will be accepted. It is inevitable. Your education begins here.

There are three areas of research where I have some ideas about. First is verifying and extending the French. Second is basic research on FSM. The third is an idea I have had recently to look at the French research from a much cheaper and easier point of view. Using moxa and IR photography to visualize the meridians. The creation of positive ions in the channels from formation of structured water on the sides of the channels should produce appropriate images. And me shed some light in the flow in the trunk. Moxaing myself on the wrist produced sensations up the arm and later in the chest. Particularly in the area of the lower heart. These sensations are from positive ions vibrating and moving which should be caught on an IR image. Doing moxa will produce more ions that will increase the pressure in the meridian which leads to the sensation of a slight pressure going up the arm and later accumulating in the chest. So my quick little experiment points to a potentially much easier and cheaper way to study the meridians.

Since there has been no movement towards any acupuncture research in the acupuncture community, even from the schools where it should be, I will start it myself. I am currently trying to add e-commerce to my clinic’s website. Mainly to sell my second book which will soon come out. So I will add a page where anyone can donate to my own research projects. Mainly to buy the needed equipment, such as an IR camera, a spectrum analyzer, money for CT scans, for a few examples. I will describe what the money will pay for and give the donor a way to say where their donation would go toward.

What I would do First

Research on Visualizing the Meridians

First I would try to prove the concept of using IR methods to visualize the meridians. All I need to get started is an IR camera. Under $500.00. This would include looking at different methods and their effects. Then, using the most effective method, I would look at the rate of migration of the heat/charge which should be roughly measure the flow rate in the channel. Then show the channels in the arms and legs. Then show the flow in the chest/abdomen. Then show the effects of various stimulation on the flow.

Synopsis: If the above did not work well enough I would replicate and extend the work of Dr. Darras and Dr. Devernajoul of France. Unfortunately, this research is quite expensive since it depends on CT scans. For those of you not familiar with their work, they injected Technitium99 into acupuncture points and nearby lymph ducts and blood vessels to see where it went and what the differences were. They were able to “see” the meridians in the limbs. They started with LV3. Their research showed the possibility of another circulatory system that helps the lymphatics do its job in circulating the extracellular fluid especially in times of rest or inactivity when the lymphatics are inactive. We want to find out the following: 1. The paths of the traditional meridians as much as possible. 2. Show there are “extra” meridians as described in German electro-diagnosis, and their paths as much as possible. 3. The “size” of the channels or the extent of their effect (Width and depth). 4. The influence of needles on the flow of extracellular fluid in the channels. 5. The influence of other forms of stimulation such as lased diodes, LED’S, magnets and Moxa. 6. How and where the channels connect to their respective organ. 7. If, how and where the meridians get their flow from. The most likely place is the lungs.

Here is a synopsis of how I would go about it:

Details:   Working with a Radiologist, I propose Phase 1 would be to duplicate their research by visualizing the leg channels first, then the arm channels. Possibly using a different dye to be able to see more of the channel if possible. Mainly looking to visualize as much of the channels as possible.

Phase 1a: Start with the Liver channel. Inject in LV3.  To determine the rate of migration, a CT picture of the foot and lower leg would be taken 1 minute after injection. Then by measuring the distance the dye traveled in centimeters you would get a rate of migration in cm/minute. Wait another minute and take another picture farther up the leg, probably focusing on the knee. This allows us to both determine whether the flow rate is the same along the channel as well as see how far up the leg the dye can be seen. The effect my have a time dependent nature and probably a distance related nature too. I have observed evidence of that with the effect of a needle on the flow already. Possibly wait another minute and take a another picture farther up the leg again, this time focusing on the upper leg. The aim is to see all of the channel in the limb. It might be advisable to do the lower leg and foot first and determine the rate of migration so we can calculate how long we should wait to take pictures of the knee and thigh. Then doing that once we will know how far up the limb, we can expect to still see the dye. Here we are looking for information that can guide us in visualizing the other channels and other parts of our research. Once we know how fast the flow rate is and how far up the limb an injection can be seen, we will know how much time to wait to take a CT scan of the upper leg and if we will need a second injection to do so. Also, we might be able to combine visualizing the upper part of the channel with the effects of a needle on thee flow if we time it right. We also need to inject the dye in a nearby blood vessel and lymph duct and measure the rate of flow to see the differences just like the French did. All three should be markedly different.

Phase 1b: Visualize all the channels on the legs noting rate and direction of flow. First doing the traditional channels.

Phase 1c: Visualize all the channels on the arms noting rate and direction of flow. First doing the traditional channels.

Phase 1d: Do the “extra” channels in the legs found in German electro-diagnosis.

Phase 1e: Do doing the “extra” channels in the arms found in German electro-diagnosis.

Phase 1f: Visualize the channels in the head and neck noting rate and direction of flow.

Phase 1g: Visualize the Du and UB channels in the back noting rate and direction of flow.

Phase 1h: Visualize the Ren, ST, KI channels on the abdomen noting rate and direction of flow.

Phase 2a: Looking at the influence of a needle placed proximally to the injection on the flow rate. Here, you put the needle in first. Then inject the dye, wait 1 minute then take the CT scan. Then you can compare the flow rate with that found earlier. I would start with the Liver channel. Then do the same with other leg and arm channels to show whether the effect is the same or not.

Phase 2b: Determine whether the effect is additive or not. Here I would insert 2 needles in the channel close to each other (I think 1 inch apart will do to eliminate the effect of different charge accumulation on the skin). Possibly doing it at different distances apart to see that effect too.

Phase 2c would be to put the needle in a point near the foot, injecting the dye in a point near the elbow or knee then taking the picture 1 minute later to illustrate the effect on the flow rate of a needle distal to the injection site. I would tend to do this on two leg and two arm channels to make sure the effects are similar.

Phase 2d: Again, trying it with 2 needles to see if the effect is doubled as well.

Phase 2e: Look at the difference leaving the needle in versus taking it out right away has on the effect. Personally, I doubt there will be much of a difference since the electrons can travel through the hole as easily as through the needle. This way we will know for sure.

Phase 3: We want to investigate the effect on the flow rate of a needle with distance. Also the effect that charge on the skin plays with the needle effect on flow rate. My own experience has indicated that both play a role with distance having a more significant effect.

Phase 3: Determining the “size” of the channel or the size of it’s influence on the circulation of extracellular fluid. This must be done for both the width of the channel and the depth. Some say there are different channels on the surface. Let us see if they are right.

Phase 4: Determining the width of the channel is in terms of extracellular flow. Here the dye would be injected at different distances from the center of the channel and see where it goes. Do this at ¼ to ½ inch intervals. You could even continue to go out until you see it go up a different channel.

Phase 5: Determining the depth of the channel. The easiest way to do that is to use an insertion tube cut to a length that would allow the hypodermic needle to only go in the desired depth. Then you could see if the circulation is any different at different depths. Again, I would go at ¼ inch intervals at first then at ½ inch intervals if is appeared advisable.

Phase 6: Here we want to look at the influence of the distribution of charge on the skin (especially on the lower arm or leg) on the rate of flow. The amount of charge available should influence the pull due to electro-osmosis. This could explain in part why points farther down the arm and leg are more sedating and why points on the trunk are more tonifying. Here we needle points on the lower arm and leg and measure the flow rate for each. Thee flow rate should be slower the farther down the limb we needle.

Phase 6a: Doing it on leg channels.

Phase 6b: Doing it on arm channels. (If funds allow).

Phase 6c: Determining the maximal possible effect. This is done by connecting the needle to earth ground. This is an unlimited source of electrons. The body will absorb as many as it takes to balance the charge at the needle. Most of that charge is the positive charge just under the skin. (Only do if have the funds).

Phase 7a: See the effect on the rate of flow due to a Red LED stimulation of a point. The technique would be the same as with a needle. Here you could see if the length of the stimulation has any effect as well. I would start with 5 minutes.

Phase 7b: Effect of Red Laser Diode on flow.

Phase 7c: Effect of Moxa on flow.

Phase 7d: Effect of 1000 Gauss magnet on flow. Could also do with stronger magnets as well (3000 & 9000 Gauss) but I have found the problem tends to return after a few days with stronger magnets. If money permits, this may explain why.

Phase 8: Here we want to understand the path of the channels in the chest and abdomen. We want to do three things. 1. Visualize the channel pathways, 2. Visualize the connection of the channel with it’s respective organ if possible, and 3. Determine if, where and how the lungs supply the pumping action for the channels. These studies may require different imaging technique than a CT scan such as an MRI and using a dye that can be seen deep in the body and at different angles.

Phase 9: Looking at how an inflamed or degenerative organ has any effect on the flow as the French researchers claimed. This would take getting patients from a hospital to volunteer. They claimed that an inflamed organ sped it up while a degenerative organ slowed it down or stopped it completely. This is in line with what would be expected if electro-osmosis is the cause.

Phase 10: One major extension of their work is to try and visualize the channels in the trunk. I assume that would be easiest for the bladder channel and Du channels on the back and the Ren, Stomach, Kidney and Liver channels on the abdomen (3a). It would also be interesting to see the flow in the head (Gall Bladder, Urinary Bladder) too. For the chest we want to see if we can determine where the fluid in the channels mixes with the lymph before entering the heart. Also, if the lungs are providing the pumping action and where and how. Also, how the channels are connected to the organs they are associated with. Another area that would be interesting to look at is the circulation at SP6 looking at how the channels merge and separate and how that affects the flow.

The order of priority of the research:

1. Showing the traditional channels in the arms and legs and the rate of flow in each.
2. Showing the extra channels in the arms and legs and the direction and rate off flow in each.
3. Showing the channels in the head and neck. In particular interest the direction of flow as well as the rate.
4. Show the UB channel and possibly the Du channel as well on the back also showing the direction and rate of flow.
5. Showing the effect of needling on the rate of flow.
6. Showing the change in the effect when needled at different places on the arm or leg due to charge distribution on the skin.
7. Showing the effect of a needle on the flow at different distances from the needle.
8. Figure out how to visualize the channels in the chest and abdomen. Then showing where the channels of the arms and legs go in the abdomen. The lung and large intestine channels are of particular interest. But confirming the traditional paths is the main focus. Hopefully, we will be able to see how they connect to their associated organ and possibly if the lungs are providing the pumping.
9. Do additional injections to try and figure out the source of the flow, where it connects to the lymphatics before entering the heart.
10. Determine whether an inflamed or degenerative organ does affect the flow as claimed.
11. See how wide the channel is in terms of the circulation of extra-cellular fluid.
12. We could also study how the depth of insertion affects things. The easiest way to do that is to use an insertion tube cut to a length that would allow the hypodermic needle to only go in the desired depth. Then you could see if the circulation is any different at different depths.

Each step should be described in detail and priced out. The results of each stage should be reported.

Phase 1: Study the channels of the arms and legs. We want to visualize the pathways of all the channels as far as we can. That might require two pictures and injections to visualize the upper and lower parts of the limbs. How that works out would determine how best to proceed in terms of the influence of a needle on the flow as well as visualizing the pathways.

Phase 1a: Do LV3 first. Measure the rate of migration and direction of the channel and blood vessel and lymph duct, verifying the work done in France.

Phase 1b: Do all the other traditional channels, measuring their flow and direction and visualizing their pathways. Possibly doing the blood vessel and lymph duct in another channel to verify the findings of the LV channel. By measuring the flows in all the channels we will get our first indication of whether the lungs might be the source of the flow if the rates are all about the same. However, it must be recognized that the associated organ has a role to play as well. But if the flow is about the same will give us an idea if we are on the right track in our thinking.  For the arm channels, it may require injecting points in the shoulder to visualize the channels in the shoulder.

Phase 1c: Measure the flow and direction in the “extra” channels and visualize their pathways. Thus proving their existence and their pathways.

Phase 2: Determining the effect of a needle on the flow. It is assumed that putting a needle in the same channel as the dye is injected will affect the flow rate due to electro-osmosis. Putting the needle more proximal should increase the flow rate while needling more distally should slow the flow rate. Let us see if that is true, how much it is affected, whether it is additive, and how much where on the limb you needle the rate is affected by the distribution of charge on the skin. We can also show that needling on one side of the body affects the flow rate on the opposite side of the body.

Phase 2a: First we will study the effect of a proximal needle on the flow. Depending on the flow rate observed in Phase 1, and how much of the limb can be observed in a CT scan, this could or could not be done concurrently.

If done concurrently: Inject the dye, wait 1 minute then take CT scan. Put needle in channel around the knee or elbow, wait another minute then take another Ct scan. Measure time it took to put needle in after the first CT scan. By knowing the initial flow rate we can calculate how much farther up the limb the dye will go before needling the point. That way we will get a more accurate measure of the effect.

If not done concurrently: Put needle in , then inject dye, wait 1 minute then take picture. You then compare the rate with the one found in Phase 1.

Phase 2b: Here we will study the effect of a distal needle on the flow rate. Her we need to inject the dye in a point around the knee or elbow. Again we will put the needle in first, then inject the dye, wait 1 minute then take the picture.  Then we can compare the flow rate with that found in Phase 1.

Phase 3: Seeing whether the effects of a needle is additive. Here, we put two needles in (preferably near each other to eliminate the effect of different amount of charge on the skin. Then inject the dye, wait 1 minute, then take the picture. Compare the rate of flow with that found in Phase 2a.

Phase 4: Measure how wide the channel is in terms of extracellular flow. Here the dye would be injected at different distances from the center of the channel and see where it goes. Do this at ¼ to ½ inch intervals. You could even continue to go out until you see it go up a different channel.

Phase 5: Like Phase 4, we want to further determine the size of the channel. Here we want to look at the flow at different depts. We can use a needle guide tube cut to different lengths and put over the needle of the syringe to limit the depth of insertion before injection. Then do things as before to see where the dye goes and how fast. I would think every ¼ inch would be adequate and going to 1 inch. Some say there are superficial channels. Let’s see if they are right.

Phase 6: Now let’s start to focus on the trunk. First let’s focus on the more superficial channels, looking at not only the flow rate and visualizing the channels but also the direction of flow in different parts of the channels. I assume the flow probably will be towards the lungs or heart, so let that guide which points should be injected. I would choose Ren 2 or 3 and Ren 23. For the Kidney channel, I would choose KI11 and  KI27. For the Stomach channel, I would choose ST30 and ST12 for the trunk. For the Spleen channel, I would choose SP20 and SP13. For the Liver channel, I would choose LV14. For the Pericardium channel, I would choose PC1. For the Lung channel, I would choose LU1.

Phase 7:Here we want to use a dye that will allow us to see the channels deeper in the body. That was a problem they saw using Technetium 99. In particular the channels of the arms and legs. So here we want to inject at a point on the channel just before it enters the trunk. The things we want to hopefully learn is not only the pathways but how they connect to their organ and possibly how the lungs may be providing the pumping action for the channels.

For the face and possibly the top of the head: So For the Du channel, I would choose Du 24. For the UB channel I would choose UB2 or 3. For the Triple Warmer in the head, I would choose TW23. For the Gall Bladder channel in the head, I would choose GB14.

For the back, for the Du channel, I would choose Du 2 and 16. For the Bladder channel, I would choose UB 10 and 30 and 34 and possibly UB49. For the Small Intestine channel, I would choose SI9 and 15.

 For the back of the head, for the Gall Bladder channel, I would choose GB12 and 20. For the Bladder channel, I would choose UB10. For the channel between the GB and UB I would choose An Mien. For the San Jiao channel, I would choose SJ17. For the Du channel, I would choose Du 15 or 16. These points will probably visualize the top of the head as well. . For all, the choice of point depends in part on which way the flow in the channel goes. I would initially assume it goes towards the chest. But it could go towards the upper back instead. Taking CT scans of the head may require two scans to get both the back and top of the head. Sinilary, the SJ channel will require a side shot.

For the face, for the Stomach channel, I would choose ST2 and 7. For the Large Intestine channel, I would choose LI20. For the Gall Bladder channel, I would choose GB14 or GB13 and 15. For the Urinary Bladder channel, I would choose UB 2 or 3. For the San Jiao channel, I would choose SJ23. For all, the choice of point depends in part on which way the flow in the channel goes. I would initially assume it goes towards the chest.

Other research projects would be on FSM. More basic research to understand the actual mechanisms. At first I would use a spectrum analyzer to show the actual frequencies in the technique and see where the most power is going (presumably at F1 and F2). Next I would get a band pass filter operating between 0-1,000Hz.

If you have any ideas or suggestions, I would like to hear them. I personally would like to see research focused on how/why it works and not on research on treating specific conditions. Unless of course you can convince me on the value of a particular project.